{"id":30440,"date":"2022-03-03T15:32:55","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T14:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitdistrikt.rs\/?p=30440"},"modified":"2022-03-03T15:32:55","modified_gmt":"2022-03-03T14:32:55","slug":"national-landmarks-as-a-testimony-to-migrations-in-vojvodina-intertwined","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visitdistrikt.rs\/en\/2022\/03\/03\/national-landmarks-as-a-testimony-to-migrations-in-vojvodina-intertwined\/","title":{"rendered":"National Landmarks as a Testimony to Migrations in Vojvodina Intertwined"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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(In)tangible national landmarks have been created for\ncenturies. The diversity of European nations has, through the ages, been\nexpressed through the uniqueness of each costume, and within it are woven, both\nliterally and figuratively, threads from different corners of the world. The\ntitle of the European Capital of Culture is a perfect opportunity to get a\nbigger picture of national landmarks of Vojvodina and Serbia through the\nEuropean lens. In light of this, we will bring the tradition of the region \u2013 folk\nheritage, Serbian dance kolo<\/i>,\ntraditional costume, and culture and arts societies in Novi Sad, closer to the\naudience.<\/o:p><\/p>

We also invite you to visit the \u2018Following the Thread\u2019\nexhibition, which will, with the aim to stress the importance of diverse folk\nheritage and preservation of folk costumes, be open in the \u2018Mladost\u2019\nInstitution for Culture and Education in Futog on 10 February.<\/o:p><\/p>

The Traditional Serbian Kolo<\/i>\n\u2013 From a Lead Dancer to an \u2018Ace\u2019<\/o:p><\/p>

In 2017, the traditional dance with a strong symbol, the\nSerbian kolo<\/i>, was added to UNESCO\u2019s\nList of Intangible Cultural Heritage, while its value has been nurtured by\nculture and arts societies from Novi Sad and the whole of Serbia for decades.<\/o:p><\/p>

The kolo<\/i> dance is\npart of the story about what we are and the values we are known for in the\nworld. Instead of kolo<\/i>, the terms\n\u2018oro\u2019 or \u2018horo\u2019, from the Greek word \u2018horos\u2019 (group of people, the circle\ndance) can be used. A little is known about how old the kolo<\/i> is and since it has been performed, it is assumed that the kolo<\/i> was danced in the 18th century. It\nis characteristic for the South Slavic nations. The early Slavs believed that\nenergetic body movements and turning would contribute to the Sun rotating\nhappily. While performing kolo<\/i>, the\nenergy, both group and individual, has been encouraged, and the so-called\nmagical action is taken, since closing the circle is a symbol for protecting\nthe community from everything that may be harmful. Everyone dancing kolo<\/i> is equal, except the lead dancer.\nHe is either the best player, or he is entitled to the position of the first\ndance according to a custom. The last one in the kolo<\/i> is called the \u2018ace\u2019. If a boy joined kolo<\/i> next to a girl, making her leave the chain, it would be a\ngreat shame and offense for a boy.<\/o:p><\/p>

It was easier to dance on flatlands than on a wavy,\nmountainous ground. This is why in Vojvodina, people performed light, small\nsteps, without separating their legs a lot from the ground, with variety of\nsteps and improvisations. Experienced dancers could even dance with a glass filled\nwith water on their heads, of course, without spilling it. The musical\naccompaniment is dominated by orchestral, mostly tamburitza playing.<\/o:p><\/p>

Vojvodina is inhabited by different ethnic communities.\nNatives and immigrants (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro),\nHungarians, Romanians, Bunjevci, \u0160okci, Croats, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma,\nRuthenians, Croats, Macedonians, Bulgarians, etc. The dance repertoire of Serb\nimmigrants in the 20th<\/sup> century is completely different. They also\nperform a silent dance (\u0111ikac<\/i>, bukovac<\/i> and glamo\u010d<\/i> kolo<\/i>) and dances\nwith vocal and instrumental accompaniment. Ethnic diversity of Vojvodina\nencouraged the preservation of traditional music and dances of each community.\nThe famous Vojvodina silent kolos<\/i>\nperformed in closed-circle are: (Banat, Ba\u010dka, Syrmia) performed along with a\nbagpiper, Paorsko kolo<\/i>, Gajda\u0161ko kolo<\/i>, Bunjeva\u010dko kolo<\/i>, Stara\u010dko\nkolo<\/i>, etc. From the middle of the 20th<\/sup> century, under the\ninfluence of city dances, kolo<\/i> began\nto open, forming a semicircle, the most famous of which kolos<\/i> are: Majstorsko kolo<\/i>,\nTrgova\u010dko kolo<\/i>, Pan\u010deva\u010dko kolo<\/i>, Vidino kolo<\/i>,\netc. In Vojvodina, couple dances are represented and the most famous are: Cigan\u010dica<\/i>, Ma\u0111arac<\/i>, Keleruj<\/i>, etc.<\/o:p><\/p>

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Kolo was often transformed into prose \u2013 Bora Stankovi\u0107\u2019s\n\u2018Ko\u0161tana\u2019 and \u2018Impure Blood\u2019, Stevan Sremac\u2019s \u2018Zona Zamfirova\u2019, Branko\nRadi\u010devi\u0107\u2019s \u2018The Parting of Schoolfriends\u2019, etc. Its value has been nurtured by\nculture and arts societies from Novi Sad, Serbia and the region. The most\nfamous culture and arts societies in Novi Sad include Sonja Marinkovi\u0107\nAssociation for Culture and Arts (KUD), Svetozar Markovi\u0107 Culture and Arts\nSociety (KUD), Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor Culture and Arts Society (KUD), Ruthenian Culture\nand Arts Society (KUD), Slovak Culture and Arts Society (KUD), Pavel Jozef\n\u0160af\u00e1rik Culture and Arts Society (KUD). Today, culture and arts societies are\nthe so-called mobile museums, which preserve the Serbian intangible heritage\nfrom oblivion.<\/o:p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Symbolism Woven Into Folk Costumes<\/o:p><\/p>

Folk costume is a symbol of ethnic identity, and in the\npast, it was everyday clothing. It was the way of dressing that showed where\npeople came from and to which national community they belonged. Since different\npeoples have mixed in this region for centuries, the folk costumes have been\nwoven with threads from different parts of the world. They represent the\nso-called document-mosaic about the history of migrations on European soil. The\nold Serbian folk costumes in Vojvodina contain traces of different times and\ninfluences of other peoples who lived with Serbs in mixed ethnic settlements.<\/o:p><\/p>

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The main parts of women\u2019s folk costumes are petticoats and\nshirts, which were worn under an overgown, the lower skirt (suknjerac<\/i>), over which the upper skirt\nwas worn (made of domestic fabrics, while during festive occasions, it was made\nof store-bought raw fabric). The skirts were long to the ankles. The folk apron\nwas worn over the skirt. It was made of the same fabric and decorated the same\nas yelek, which was worn over the shirt. The yelek was a hip-length waistcoat,\nmade of dark-coloured corduroy or silk cloth, decorated with gold lace or gold\nembroidery. It was fastened with clothing fasteners or laced with a cord at the\nfront. White aprons and skirts were worn during summer days. During winter,\nwomen wore kozhukh (or \u0107urak<\/i>), a fur\ncoat or a big wool scarf. Women\u2019s footwear consisted of white socks, colorful\nslippers, knitted pockets or wool socks, leather and wool shoes (opanci<\/i>) for work and clogs (cokule) for\nwinter. Young women and girls braided their hair into two braids and let them\ndown their backs or wrapped them around their heads or in a bun at the back of\ntheir heads. After getting married, women wore d\u017eega<\/i> on their heads, until they had their first child or until a\nnew bride came into the house. The simplest form of d\u017eega was a small\ntriangular scarf which later became a special hat that was covering the bun and\npart of the hair, while the lower part hung down the neck. D\u017eegas were adorned\nwith golden embroidery. Girls wore a few strings of ducats \u2013 seferini<\/i>, as a jewel and a sign of\nwealth.<\/o:p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Men in Vojvodina wore characteristic loose pants and a\nshirt, made of white cloth. The shirt was decorated with white and gold\nembroidery, worn over the pants, i.e. underwear, how they called it back then.\nThe formet<\/i>, an embroidered piece of\nclothing that could be worn on any shirt, was especially popular. It could be\nseen under waistcoat and coat. The waistcoat was made of black fabrics,\ncorduroy, velvet or silk brocade. The most common ornaments used as decoration\non waistcoats had different motifs \u2013 plants, horseshoes, initials and years.\nThe number and type of ornaments on the waistcoat depended on the wealth and\nsocial status of a boy wearing it.<\/o:p><\/p>

During spring and autumn, boys wore broadcloth coats \u2013 doroc<\/i> (coat) or kabanica<\/i> (raincoat). In the second half of the 19th<\/sup>\ncentury, thigh-length coats, called beke\u0161<\/i>,\nbena<\/i> or jankel<\/i> came into use. During winter, male costumes were\ncomplemented by thick cloth shirts and black-cloth trousers (\u010dak\u0161ire<\/i>) combined with a coat. Patent\nleather boots or leather shoes (opanci<\/i>)\nand slippers for the poor were worn during summer days. During winter, boots or\nleather shoes with obojci<\/i>\n(rectangular pieces of woven woollen cloth wrapped around the feet) were worn,\nand they were later replaced by natural wool-coloured or red socks. In Ba\u010dka,\nduring winter, wooden shoes – clogs were worn, and to keep them warm, they put\nhay and straw inside. In the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, shoes\nwere also worn. In winter, they wore fur hats (\u0161ubara<\/i>) on their heads. Gentlemen could not be seen on the street\nwithout black felt hats. All gentlemen except, of course, Laza Kostic. Jewellery\nwas an obligatory part of men\u2019s folk costume. Men\u2019s jewellery is called toke<\/i>\nand was worn on yelek or some other upper part of clothing. It consists of\nseveral silver or bronze plates or strings of puli<\/i>, sometimes gilded.<\/o:p><\/p>

The main raw materials for making clothes were plant fibres\nof hemp, flax and cotton. Wool, lamb and sheep fur were used for winter\nclothing. These are all raw materials that Vojvodina plain abundantly provided.\nGradually, during the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, costumes\nbecame equated with civic fashion. This is how folk costumes remained an\nindicator of culture and customs in the past.<\/o:p><\/p>

Author: Historian Ljiljana Dragosavljevi\u0107 Savin, MSc.<\/o:p><\/p>

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p>

Photo: Sr\u0111an Doro\u0161ki<\/o:p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(In)tangible national landmarks have been created for centuries. The diversity of European nations has, through the ages, been expressed through the uniqueness of each costume, and within it are woven, both literally and figuratively, threads from different corners of the world. The title of the European Capital of Culture is a perfect opportunity to get a bigger picture of national landmarks of Vojvodina and Serbia through the European lens. In light of this, we will bring the tradition of the region \u2013 folk heritage, Serbian dance kolo, traditional costume, and culture and arts societies in Novi Sad, closer to the audience<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":30459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[293,1003],"tags":[1136,1128],"yoast_head":"\nNational Landmarks as a Testimony to Migrations in Vojvodina Intertwined - Visit Distrikt Novi Sad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"(In)tangible national landmarks have been created for centuries. The diversity of European nations has, through the ages...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/visitdistrikt.rs\/en\/2022\/03\/03\/national-landmarks-as-a-testimony-to-migrations-in-vojvodina-intertwined\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"National Landmarks as a Testimony to Migrations in Vojvodina Intertwined - Visit Distrikt Novi Sad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(In)tangible national landmarks have been created for centuries. 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